liability n. 1.責任,義務(wù)。 2.〔pl.〕 負債,債務(wù) (opp. assets). 3.傾向;易于…的傾向[性質(zhì)]。 4.不利條件。 hold no liability for damages 不負賠償責任。 limited [unlimited] liability 有限[無限]責任。 liability for military service 有服兵役義務(wù)。 assets and liabilities 資產(chǎn)與負債。 meet one's liabilities 償還債務(wù)。 liability to disease 弱不禁風。 liability to error 容易犯錯誤。 Poor handwriting is a liability in getting a job. 拙劣的書法是求職的不利條件。
fault n. 1.過失,過錯;罪過,責任。 2.缺點,缺陷,瑕疵。 3.(獵狗的)失去嗅跡。 4.【電學(xué)】故障,誤差;漏電;【地質(zhì)學(xué);地理學(xué)】斷層。 5.【網(wǎng)球】發(fā)球出界;犯規(guī)。 Faults are thick where love is thin. 〔諺語〕一朝情義淡,樣樣不順眼。 fault detection 【機械工程】探傷。 The fault is his own. 這是他自己的錯。 a grave fault in a theory 理論上的重大缺陷。 a fault in the machine 機械故障。 image fault 【物理學(xué)】像差,影像失真。 numerical faults 數(shù)值誤差。 a fault on the right side 因禍得福。 be at fault 1. (獵犬追捕獵物等時)失去嗅跡,躊躇不前;不知所措,正在為難。 2. 出毛病,有故障。 3. = in fault (My memory is at fault . 我想不起來了)。 find fault in 看出…缺點。 find fault with 找…的岔子。 have no fault to find with 無錯可尋。 hit off a fault (獵狗)聞出(曾一度錯失的)嗅跡。 in fault 有過錯,有責任 (Who is in fault 是誰的不是?)。 to a fault 過度,極端 (He is kind to a fault. 他過分老實)。 whip a fault out of sb. 鞭打某人使之改過。 with all faults 不保證商品沒有缺點。 without fault 〔古語〕無誤,確實。 vi. 1.【地質(zhì)學(xué);地理學(xué)】產(chǎn)生斷層;有斷層余跡。 2.發(fā)球出界;犯規(guī)。 3.〔方言〕責備,挑剔。 4.〔古語〕犯錯誤,做錯。 vt. 1.找…的岔子,挑剔;〔方言〕責備。 2.【地質(zhì)學(xué);地理學(xué)】使產(chǎn)生斷層。 3.把…做錯。 He faulted my speech in two ways. 他認為我的講話有兩點不妥。 fault one's performance 表演發(fā)生失誤。
Chapter one is outlined of the principle of the rules of civil liability for securities fraud , in this chapter , first analysis the system of the principle of the rules of civil liability for securities fraud , the particularity of stock market determines the particularity of the principle of the rules of civil liability for securities fraud , and the stock market in our country is weak market , so doctrine of no - fault liability is used 證券欺詐民事責任歸責原則是認定證券欺詐民事責任的重要內(nèi)容,研究證券欺詐民事責任歸責原則對我國具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。證券欺詐民事責任歸責原則具有不同于一般民事責任歸責原則的特殊性,其以過錯推定責任原則為中心,兼顧無過錯責任原則的適用。
On the basis of the principle of unbalanced legislation to protect the weak , this article presents a systematic research on the liability for the breach of labor contracts , which may apply a historical analysis , standard analysis as well as comparative research . chapter 1 probes into the definition of the liability for the breach of labor contracts and its characteristics , its common characteristics and its special characteristics . chapter 2 discusses the classifications of the liability for the breach of labor contracts : the employer " s liability for the breach of labor contracts and the labor " s liability for the breach of labor contracts or the primary liability for the breach of labor contracts and the subordinated liability for the breach of labor contracts , which may play the special and significant role in the liability for the breach of labor contracts . chapter 3 mainly discusses the constitutive requirements of the liability for the breach of labor contracts , which have a unbalanced character . the character is mainly reflected in fault . in general when the laborers break the contracts , we should apply the doctrine of liability for wrongs , while the employers , the doctrine of no - fault liability 本文從“傾斜立法,保護弱者”的觀念出發(fā),運用歷史考察、比較研究和規(guī)范分析等多種方法,對勞動合同違約責任的基本理論問題作了較全面系統(tǒng)的研究。第一部分探討了勞動合同違約責任的概念及其特征,重點分析了勞動合同違約責任的特有特征:傾斜性特征和(可能)重合性特征;第二部分論述了在勞動合同違約責任中具有特殊意義的分類? ?用人單位的違約責任、勞動者的違約責任與違反主給付義務(wù)的違約責任、違反附隨義務(wù)的違約責任。第三部分研究了勞動合同違約責任的構(gòu)成要件,著重論述了勞動合同違約責任的構(gòu)成具有不平衡性的特點,此特點體現(xiàn)在過錯要件中,一般說來,勞動者違約時,應(yīng)采過錯責任原則;用人單位違約時,應(yīng)采無過錯違約原則。
Firstly , this discourse defines the concept of vicarious liability of employers ; clarifies the characteristics of this system by comparison with other systems and describes the theoretical basis in stress . secondly , this discourse brings forward that , the principle adjusting the vicarious liability of employers shall a combination of doctrine of tort liability under the standard liability " s direction and doctrine of no - fault liability 其次,運用比較分析的方法,在對不同立法類型和學(xué)說分析和評價的基礎(chǔ)上,提出雇主轉(zhuǎn)承責任的歸責原則應(yīng)為本位責任指導(dǎo)下的過錯責任和無過錯責任相結(jié)合的原則,雇主轉(zhuǎn)承責任構(gòu)成必須具備的四個要件,并詳細闡述了四個要件的判斷標準。
Concretely speaking , the doctrine of no - fault liability apply to use infringement , selling infringement , commodity name or mounting infringement , innuendo trademark infringement and well - known trademark infringement , but the doctrine of liability for wrongs apply to the identification of trademark infringement , assisting infringement and domain name infringement 具體的說就是:使用侵權(quán)行為、銷售侵權(quán)行為、商品名稱或裝潢侵權(quán)行為、影射商標侵權(quán)行為和馳名商標侵權(quán)行為適用無過錯責任原則;而商標標識侵權(quán)行為、輔助侵權(quán)行為及域名侵權(quán)行為適用過錯責任原則。
Because use infringement , selling infringement , commodity name or mounting infringement , innuendo trademark infringement and well - known trademark infringement already occupy the majority of trademark infringement , the author holds that the liability principle applied to trademark infringement mainly is the doctrine of no - fault liability , secondly is the doctrine of liability for wrongs 因為商標使用侵權(quán)行為、銷售侵權(quán)行為、商品名稱或裝潢侵權(quán)行為、影射商標侵權(quán)行為和馳名商標侵權(quán)行為這五種形式已經(jīng)占據(jù)了商標侵權(quán)行為總數(shù)的絕大部分,因此,本文認為:商標侵權(quán)行為主要適用無過錯責任原則,其次是過錯責任原則。